162 
VINE: CARBONIFEROUS POLYZOA. 
Glasgow have added to the number of species previously described, 
and have furnished many interesting- details of heretofore unknown 
characters in some of the species described by Phillips in his " Palteo- 
zoic Fossils." Mr. Robert Etheridge, jun., has likewise done good 
work in his professional capacity on the Scotch Geological survey. 
The present paper is the result of a careful study, for the 
purpose of identification, of the types of John Phillips, as described 
and figured in the Geology of Yorkshire, or referred to in the 
Palaeozoic Fossils. I have previously examined some of the North 
Yorkshire Polyzoa,* and I have shown that many of these hav^e a 
closer relationship with Scotch, than with Yorkshire types. The 
remarks which will follow are founded upon a very fine series of 
Carboniferous Polyzoa from Derbyshire and Yorkshire, collected by 
Mr. John Aitken, F.G.S., of Manchester. The Derbyshire species 
have a closer relationship with the Yorkshire, or Phillips' types, 
but hardly any with the Irish or Scotch examples bearing the same 
names. 
Mr. Phillips in the work already cited (Geol. of Forks.), ?iud 
later still in the Palaeozoic Foss. of Devon, &c., described and 
figured as Zoophyta, a goodly number of Polyzoa. Some of the 
species in the latter work are identical with those found in the Car- 
boniferous rocks of Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Wales, and Scotland, in 
fact, many of the species are widely distributed in the Limestones 
and Shales generally. At the time when Phillips wrote, very little 
attention was given to either classification or growth, hence the 
multiplicity of species if the fragments found differed in the least 
particular from others that had been previously noted. There was 
no fixed rule given for the purpose of comparison, sometimes a cast, 
or the reverse would be described as a new species, and in all prob- 
ability the obverse of one or other of those would be again given as 
likewise new. Several of the species figured in the Geology of 
Yorkshire are in this chaotic condition, and there is a great difficulty 
in the proper identification of species whenever or wherever new 
ground is broken. Because of this very plausible demurrer others 
have added to the confusion, and the fresh findings have been again 
* Transactions of the Yorks. Geol. and Poly tech. Soc, 1881. 
