HUDLESTON: GEOLOGY OF PALESTINE. 
193 
anon geologists as the Glandarius limestone, which by the testimony 
of all underlies the so-called Nubian Sandstone of that region. The 
spines of Cidaris glandarius are characteristic of this formation, and 
have long attracted attention. These were known formerly as 
" Olives of Sodom," or " Judah stones," though not really found 
either at Sodom or in Judeea. M. Lartet thought that some portion 
of the Glandarius limestone might be Jurassic, but the Lebanon 
geologists regard it as of the age of the Upper Greensand : Syphonia 
pyrifonnis^ Cyphosomui cenomanense^ IWehratula biplicata are quoted 
from it. 
The only exposure of undoubted Jurassic rocks occurs on 
Herniou, where Rhynchonella lacunoaa has been found on the very 
summit. There are paleeontological indications both of the White 
and Brown Juras, whilst fossils not uncommon in our Coralline 
Oolite occur, such as Ammonites plicatilis and Terheratula Malton- 
ensis, both of which are found in the neighbourhood of Malton. 
The Brown Jura is represented by Ammonites, such as occur in the 
Kelloway Rock of Scarborough Castle Hill. 
The Lebanon Sandstone is described in considerable detail by 
Dr. Fraas. The fossils are numerous and leave little doubt as to 
the Cenomanian age of these beds. Ti-igonias are very charcteris- 
tic, and especially a variety of the group of Scabra, one of which is 
figured in the accompanying plate. There is a considerable amount 
of contemporaneous igneous rock in these sandstones. 
On reviewing the whole question of the Nubian Sandstone, we 
must admit that the identity of the Lebanon rock with that of the 
Dead Sea, &c., is not quite so clear as Fraas and Lartet maintain, 
but in our present state of knowledge we must be content to let the 
question rest. 
5. The Cretaceous and Nummulitic Limestones. — The earlier geolo- 
gists, especially those connected with the Lynch Expedition, 
believed that there was a considerable development of Jurassic 
beds, both in the Lebanon and in Palestine proper, and thus many 
of the fossils are described as Jurassic. There is very little doubt 
now-a-days that the whole of the calcareous system, with the slight 
exceptions already made, belongs to the Cretaceous epoch or to yet 
