HUDLESTON: GEOLOGY OF PALESTINE. 
195 
of the Cretaceous Limestones. It contains many species of Nerinaea, 
two of which are figured in the accompanying- plate ; next succeeds 
the zone of Ammonites syriaeus. Dr. Fraas regards this as Turonian, 
or what we should call lower chalk, the typical fossil clearly having 
afiSnities with A. rhotomagensis. and other ammonites found towards 
the base of the chalk at Lewes. The presence of Hippurites in 
abundance is another characteristic feature. The upper white chalk- 
with-flints of the Lebanon Dr. Fraas refers to the Senonian or upper 
chalk, so that he does not regard it in any way as Tertiary. The 
remains of the Xummulite beds consequently are rarer in the Leba- 
non even than in Palestine, but evidently increase in importance as 
we approach Egypt. 
It is impossible to quit the subject of the Cretaeous Beds of 
Lebanon without sayiug a word about the fish deposits. These are 
on two horizons, of which that of Hakel is probably the lower. The 
fishes are all of those species whose bones are perfect, ganoids being 
absent. The beds therefore are either Cretaceous or Tertiary, almost 
certainly the former. There is an enormous collection of these 
Lebanon fishes at the British Museum, and along with these are 
some wonderfully well preserved remains of cuttle-fish, &c., one of 
which Dr. Woodward has lately described in the Geological 
Magazine. Other forms are equally well preserved. The Sahil 
Alma deposit is thought to be on a higher horizon, near the 
white chalk-with-flints, and may possibly correspond with an horizon 
in Palestine, where M. Lartet detected many remains of fish. 
We must now return to Palestine. Not the least valuable 
and original of M. Lartet's work, was that done in the Cretaceous 
limestones of Moab, a country always difficult and even dangerous 
to travel in. He gives us a great number of important sections. I 
have selected the section across the gorge of the Arnon (Wady 
Mojib), because it shows the whole body of the Cretaceous lime- 
stones from bottom to top, everything in fact, between the Nubian 
Sandstone and the Basalt. 
The complete section is rather over 3,000 feet, and when w^e 
have deducted some hundreds for the Nubian sandstone at the bottom, 
and Basalt at the top, there still remains something like 2,500ft. for 
