VEITCH: RAISED BEACHES. 223 
of Pholadomya still retained in their cavities ; the blocks being 
stones from a higher horizon than the rocks on the adjacent coast, 
all of the same kind of stone as the stratification near to which they 
were found, led me to believe that they might possibly record a 
beach somewhere about 150ft. above the present sea level, probably 
marking a pause in the upheaval which followed the submergence 
just referred to. I visited this part of the district in search for the 
Pholas bored blocks, but failed to find them. Subsequently I again 
searched, being this time accompanied by my friend, Mr. Barrow, of 
H.M. Geological Survey ; disappointment again resulted. Mr. Barrow 
is, nevertheless, certain of theu: existence, and undertakes to point 
them out after referring to his map. It will, therefore, be unnecessary 
to say anything further upon this part of the subject at present. 
Submerged Forest. — The next to be considered is what are 
generally termed the peat beds of Hartlepool and Redcar. Situate 
on both sides of the mouth of the river Tees, there are large tracts 
of peat and wood, suggesting either that they are the remains of an 
ancient forest, or accumulations of vegetable matter brought down 
from higher ground. On the north bed of the river the peat at the 
sea shore overlies the new red sandstone, between the Stranton 
beach and the Longscar rocks. On the south side a similar bed is 
found over the lower lias between Redcar and the Saltscar rocks. 
After rough seas they are sometimes bared, and may be noticed to 
rest immediately upon fine blue clay, here and there stumps are to 
be seen with roots spreading through the peaty matter into the blue 
clay below, evidently in the position in which they originally grew. 
This same fact was observed by Mr. Charles Harrison, while engag- 
ed in supermtending the construction of the Hartlepool Docks, 
where the same forest remains were come upon. Logs of wood, 
branches, twigs, and nuts are embedded in the mass, there being 
recognisable, oak, beech, and hazel, together with its leaves and nuts 
The Tees Conservancy Commissioners in their dredging- opera- 
tions near Middlesbrough and Eston have brought up huge trunks of 
oak and vast quantities of vegetable matter, in fact, forest remains 
similar to the components of the sunk forest at Hartlepool and 
Redcar. Several antlers of the red deer have also been taken from 
