318 
CARTER: MINERAL WELLS AT HARROGATE. 
in the lower portion. Taking the lower quotation, it represents 
strong open black shale, 5ft. 8 Jin. ; black shale and mixture of sulphur, 
131ft. oiu. The situation of this boring is about 1| miles east- 
ward from the Old Sulphur Well, and as regards surface level, about 
15 or 20 feet lower. These conditions may not tend to facilitate 
very clearly the identity of stratification at the two points. Having 
regard, however, to all the circumstances of disturbed stratification, 
and the probabilities of a rapid dip to the eastward, I cannot but con- 
sider the correspondence of value, which the Bore Hole discloses. 
Excavations in different parts of the basin of Low Harrogate, have 
testified to the general prevalence of this black shale, and of the dis- 
tinctly mineral character of the waters which permeate its mass. The 
general testimony of scientific authority, so far back as 1836, concur- 
red in the probability of axes of disturbance following the course of 
each of the minor valleys which focus in what is now known as 
Cheltenham Square ; and above and below this conjunction the black 
shale has been found by frequent excavations where the depth has 
been carried beyond the thickness of diluvial clay or gravel which 
exists at the surface. In the excavation for the new culvert through 
the Spa Concert Grounds a year ago, the shale was met with about 
the east side of the skating rink, and pursued as far as the culvert, 
extended to Kipon road. At the Victoria Baths, and quite up to the 
public road which passes the Town Hall, considerable excavations 
have been made in years gone by, penetrating the black shale to a 
depth of perhaps 10 or 1 2 feet. In these operations additions were made 
at this place to the number and importance of the sulphur springs 
which now supply those baths. In like manner the shale has been 
attested between the baths and the Old Sulphur springs. These facts 
combine to show, I think, an exposure in the basin of Low Harro- 
gate of the deeply seated shale, which is in direct relation to, 
and in fact forms part of the vast mass of Yoredale shales and bands of 
interstratified rock, which have their developement in the extensive 
and elevated tract of country lying to the west, and between Harro- 
gate on the east and the valley of the Washburn on the west. At this 
point I leave the subject, and the deeply interesting details with which 
it is invested, to be more ably handled by Mr. Strangways, Dr. Oliver, 
