CARTER: MINERAL WELLS AT HARROGATE. 319 
and Mr. Davis, apologising if my remarks have intruded upon the 
aspect in which they are about to present them for our further and 
more edifying consideration. 
THE HARROGATE WELLS, OR THE MINERAL WATERS OF 
HARROGATE GEOLOGICALLY CONSIDERED. BY C. FOX 
STRANGWAYS, F.G.S., ETC., OF H.M. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
Until about one hundred and fifty years ago Harrogate was 
almost unknown, although some of the principal mineral waters had 
been discovered nearly one hundred years previously. Medical 
accoimts of the waters appeared as early as the beginning of the 
seventeenth century, but it was some time before the place attained 
much celebrity. Towards the close of the sixteenth century (the 
exact date seems to be rather uncertain, some authorities giving it 
as 1570, and others 1576, while others again place it as late as 
1596), Sir Wm. Slingsby accidentally discovered the Tewit spring, 
one of the principal chalybeate waters of Harrogate, and one that 
has been largely used ever since. 
The next well to be discovered, was the Sweet Spa or St. 
John's Well, which was found about the year 1601. In 1626 
Edmund Dean first drew public attention to the Old Sulphur Well, 
the most famous of all the Harrogate waters. 
In 1783 the Saline spring in the grounds of the Crescent Hotel 
was discovered ; and during the present century many additions 
have been made, from time to time, to the number of mineral 
springs. 
In 1819 we have the discovery of the Cheltenham spring, then 
known as "Oddy's Saline"; and 1822, that of the Montpellier 
Sulphur Well ; and in 1840, the springs at Harlow Carr. 
Thus from time to time as the country became more opened 
out and cultivated, fresh springs were discovered, and their pecu- 
liarities examined ; until within the last few years the whole country 
has become so thoroughly well-known, that there is not a single spot 
which has not been explored. 
Now let us turn to the physical and general geological structure 
of the neighbourhood. And in order that you may thoroughly 
