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STKANGWAYS: HAEEOGATE WELLS. 
The strata which occupy the district to the west of Harrogate 
and south of Settle, are thrown into a series of nearly parallel 
anticHnal and synclinal folds, ranging E.N.E. or N.E., of which the 
most remarkable are those in the neighbourhood of Bolland and 
Clitheroe, by which the Scar Limestone and the beds of the Yoredale 
series are frequently brought to the surface, and extend in long lines 
across the country to Skipton and Appletreewick ; from thence their 
direction is nearly east towards Harrogate and Ripon. Along these 
lines the higher and middle members of the Millstone Grit rocks are 
wanting, and we only have just the lowest beds of Millstone Grit 
enclosing elliptical patches of Yoredale rocks. 
If it were not for these anticlinals the Millstone Grit might be 
separated from the Yoredale rocks below, by a nearly north and 
and south line ranging along the western side of Great Whernside, 
Rylstone Fell, and Skipton ; then in a general way with the exception 
of some of the higher hills which are capped with Millstone Grit, all 
the country lying west of this line would be composed of Yoredale 
rocks, while that to the east would have the various members of the 
Millstone Grit ; as it is, this regularity is broken by the disturbances 
mentioned above, so that the base line of the Grit retreats consider- 
ably further to the east in the neighbourhood of Greenhow and 
Skipton. It is with the southern of these two lines of disturbances 
that we have chiefly to deal. 
The anticlinal upon which Harrogate stands is a continuation of 
that at Skipton, although its direction in the neighbourhood of 
Harrogate is about N.E. and not nearly E. as this would lead us to 
infer. Its course across the moors from Bolton Abbey to Harrogate 
is well marked on the high ground about Beamsley Beacon, but from 
thence eastwards, it is not so easily traceable till we get within a 
mile or two of Harrogate, when its general outline again becomes 
very distinct. 
At Harrogate the general geological structure is rendered very 
apparent by the massive grits at Pannal and Birk Crag, where we 
have the same bed of grit striking in a north east direction on either 
side of the anticlinal, and giving at a glance, the key to the main 
geological features of the neighbourhood. 
