STRANGWATS: HARROGATE WELLS. 
333 
If we look at the map we see that all the spring of Class I. the 
Strong Sulphur Water, issue from some of the lower strata which 
occur at Harrogate, in fact, within a short distance of the roadstone 
either above or below it. 
Class II. The Mild Sulphur Waters issue also through lower 
rocks, but the majority, and in fact, the principal wells of this 
water are to be found coming from some of the highest strata that, 
occur in the neighbourhood. 
Class III. The Strong Saline Chalybeate Waters, although 
there are only two springs of this water, both issue from the same 
bed, and probably from the same portion of it. 
Class IV. The Pure Chalybeate Waters rise irrespectively 
from both high and low measures, although some of the principal 
springs of this water issue from the highest strata, that is the Mill- 
stone Grit. 
Each class of springs, then, in a general way, issue from 
different groups of strata ; apparently there are exceptions to this 
rule, but I believe they are only apparent. For instance, the 
Chalybeate springs which rise near the Bogs, Low Harrogate, seem 
to issue from the rocks in that neighbourhood, which are some of 
the lowest beds in the district. This, I think, is not the case ; it is 
more probable that they rise in higher strata to the north or south, 
and are kept beneath the surface of the Boulder Clay, which we 
know to occur in that locality, until they issue through the peat of 
that part of Harrogate known as the Bogs, It is this mixing of 
the two classes of waters which gives rise to the peculiar inky 
appearance of the springs in this locality. The sulphuretted 
hydrogen of the sulphur water combines with the iron from the 
Chalybeate springs, and produces the black dirty-looking water of 
these wells. If the sulphur water could be drawn off before it 
reaches the surface of the shales, and becomes contaminated with 
the Chalybeate, or if the latter could be diverted and confined to its 
original orifice, we should in all probability have perfectly pure 
sulphur springs. In fact, this is sometimes the case in frosty 
weather, when the superficial iron water becomes fixed, and we 
obtain the sulphur water pure and perfectly transparent. Accepting 
