OLIVEK: MINERAL SPRINGS OF THE WEST RIDING. 341 
to the surface, forms the bed of the Nidd which flows along the foot of 
the Banks ; and, when the river water is clear, the observer can 
readily obtain a good notion of the semi-dome like disposition of the 
grit stone, which in this locality underlies the lower Magnesian 
Limestone forming the brow of Bilton Banks and the opposite bank 
of the river. In the bottom of the stream at a point north-east of 
the Sulphur spring the layers of sandstone are seen to dip strongly 
in a fan-like manner N.N.W. to E.N.E. ; and, within a third of a 
mile on either side of this central point, other dips are found which 
extend the arc from N.W, to due E. This sulphur water is a vent 
for the escape of carburetted hydrogen gas, bubbles of which are 
constantly breaking on the surface : when collected, as in a test 
tube, the gas readily ignites. The presence of coal in the immediate 
neighbourhood of the spring is interesting in connection with this 
observation. 
The Starheck Sulphur water issues into wells which penetrate 
the shales of the Millstone Grit, as this formation dies away under 
the Permian beds. It is but a mile south of the Bilton source, at a 
lower level, and may possibly be an overflow of the latter.* The 
Bilton and Starbeck waters are almost identical in chemical compo- 
sition. 
(d) The Harlow Car, Beckwith, and Crimple issues. — A mile and 
a half S.W. of the Old Sulphur Well, in the bed of a small stream at 
Harlow Car, are several oozingsf of sulphur water, and wells have 
* When the cutting was made for the railway across the Stray, at Harro- 
gate, Mr. Grainge observed at a short distance south of the middle bridge " a 
mass of rock of a triangular shape, on each side of which were to be seen the 
strata in regular beds receding north and south, and dipping downwards at an 
angle of about 45 degrees." This exposure, now covered up by turf, is viewed by 
him as the axis of elevation between Forest Lane, near Starbeck, and Beckwith 
Head (see Geology of Harrogate, by William Grainge, 1864). I am rinchned to 
think that this observation (see diagram 2) along with the observed dips of the 
Millstone Grit beds to the eastward, suggest the existence of a ridge in the 
direction of Starbeck, but limited, however, westward by the different disposition 
of the older formations. The Harrogate portion of the anticlinal may therefore be 
said to foim two Unes of elevation, one terminating at Bilton, and the other at 
Starbeck. It is well-known that the central hue of an anticlinal is frequently 
broken (as in Low Harrogate), and that not unfrequently two or more crumplings 
take the place of one. 
t I should remind you that the ooze of sulphur water in the bed of a 
stream, is indicated by a light yellow or whitish streak in the direction of the 
current. 
