42 
VAi:r>HAN : the knoll region of clitheroe, etc. 
of 1888 (London), pp. 313-323*. I have also availed myself of the 
information contained in sheet 92 S.W. (Clitheroe) 1873, and in the 
Geological Survey Memoir which deals with the Burnley Coal Field, 
1875. 
Commencing with the sequence of Carboniferous Rocks in the 
Knoll Region, we may make our remarks under the three main heads : — 
(1) The lithological sequence of Tiddeman. 
(2) Its correlation with the Avonian Time-scale of Vaughan. 
(3) The Peiidleside of Hind and Howe. 
(1) The Lithological Sequence {R. H. T.) 
(Millstone Grit 
I Rowland Shales 300-1000 feet. 
Pendleside Grit 
Pendleside Limestone 
Shales-with-Limestone 
Clitheroe Limestone 
mconstant. 
0-500 feet. 
2500 feet [maximum]. 
3250 teet exposed (base not 
reached.) 
N.B. — The Pendleside Limestone on Pendle Hill is a capping 
of cherty limestones, at the top of the Shales-with-Limestone, w^hose 
thickness is very variable. 
In the S. Craven Area (Malham, Swinden etc.,) the Pendleside 
Limestone is represented by some 600 feet of white knoll-limestone. 
The Clitheroe Limestone is composed of two distinct, but nearly 
<iqual, divisions : — 
Upper : The White Knoll-Limestone of the Clitheroe Knolls 
(Warsaw, etc.) 
Lower : The Black Limestone (with shales) of Chatham. 
Hence we see that Mr. Tiddeman recognised knolls at two distinct 
levels, separated by some 2000 feet of Shales-with-Limestone. (He 
did not definitely state that the knolls were unconformable to the 
* Dr. J. E. Marr was joint leader of the International Excursion 
to W. Yorkshire with Mr, Tiddeman in 1888, but the portions of the 
report with which we are here directly concerned, are all signed R. H. 
T. (The leader's account is, of course, translated into French— appar- 
ently very faithfully). 
