46 
VAUGHAN : THE KNOLL REGION OE CLITHEROE, ETC. 
Millstone Grit (Zone of G. hilingite). 
Zone of G. spirale. 
Zone of G. reticnlatum. 
Zone [or maximum] of Posidonomya hecheri. 
(This is, par excellence, the Pendleside Shales). 
Zone of Prolecanites comj)ressus.^ 
NOTES. 
On Pendle Hill, the Bowland Shales are crowded with G. biJivgue ; 
this division therefore, belongs to the Millstone Grit and is above 
the •• Pendleside " of Hind. 
The zone of Prolecanites comjnessus was erroneously taken to 
include the whole of the Shales-with-Limestone together with much 
of the capping of Pendleside Limestone. These beds are mainly of 
D2-3 age and correspond to the Cyathaxonia phase, which so frequently 
replaces laterally the top of the Limestone-Massifj. They underlie 
the typical Pendleside Shales. 
Hence the Pendleside Series " of Hind is approximately included 
between the base of the Pendleside Limestone and the top of the 
Pendleside Grit and the employment of the term " Pendleside Series '* 
seems to be completely justified. 
We can now fully appreciate the two vital teachings of the knoll 
regions w^hich Mr. Tiddeman so lucidly expounded and so unswervingly 
maintained : — 
First Theory : The constitution and origin of the Knolls. 
Second Theory : The early working of the Craven Faults, deduced 
from the wide phasal differences on the two sides of the Fault -belt. 
* The index fossil is characteristic of the top of the Limestone- 
Massif near Cork, from which locality the type specimens were derived. 
t As already pointed out, the Clitheroe Knolls are not of the age 
implied by top of the Limestone -Massif " but are considerably older ; 
the term would aptly apply to the knolls of S. Craven. 
