148 
WILLIAM SMITH I HIS MAPS AND MEMOIRS 
The lower section, " between London and Cambridge," begins 
at Cambridge on the North, cuts through Royston, Ware, Hoddendon 
and Waltham, to London, The main headings are : The Fens ; 
" Chalk Hills " {Royston Bourns ") and " Plains and Insular Hills" 
('"' Vale of the River Lea — distant Hills of Epjying Forest.") 
As in other sections, the positions of the river beds are indicated. 
The description of the lower section occupies seven paragraphs ; 
beginning at the left (north) : — 
On the Castle Hill and in the City [Cambridge] three Wells 
have been recently sunk through the Golt 140 feet deep, which over- 
flowed" 
" Copious Springs of clear Water flovj from the foot of the Chalk 
Hills." 
Water at a great depth on these dry Chalk Hills — Wells more 
than a hundred feet deep at Royston." 
" In a dry Valley between High Cross and Collier's End, a 
most regular division between the Chalk and its incumbent Strata 
of Sand, with Brickearth above ; and in Collier's End fine Blocks 
of Plumpudding stone — Some of the Alluvial chalkspotted* Clay on 
these Hills." 
" A copious Spring issuing from the Chalk Hill in Ware flows 
in the Neiv River to London — The Pebbly Sandstone appears in 
the Hill between W are and Wadesmill as in other parts of the Sand 
and gravel over Chalk." 
" From Stamford Hill to Hoddesdon parallel to the Vale of 
the Lea the Level and dry Soil which is common to the Sandy and 
Pebbly Strata which form the Plains." 
''The same Clay under London proved by deep Wells as in the 
opposite high ground of Ejjping Forest, and the same as in Highgate 
and Hampstead Hills ; On the opposite side of the Thames it rises 
to Shooters Hill, Dulwich and Norwood Hills." 
This Section bears the imprint : — " London : Published by 
John Cary, No. 18, Strand, May 1st, 1819." It is reproduced on 
Plate XV., fig. 3. 
* " Chalkspotted Clay is not at all a bad name for what is now 
known as the " Chalky Boulder Clay." 
