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APPENDIX C : STRATIFICATION OF HACKNESS HILLS 
Limestone. The lowest stratum in this insular part of the stratification 
(wh. might be called " Hackness Island ") is the Cornbrash, and 
below this the alternations of sandstone & shale called the Coaly 
Grit may be traced around the Island between Silpho brow and 
Harwood-dale, and down the Derwent, and in the line of Scalby drain 
to the cHfEs at Scarborough, & is thus shown to be the base of the 
Island, and in connection with the high cliffs North of Scarborough 
& the strata which form the surface of the Moorland district. 
The series of beds in the stratification traceable by their edges 
around or in the Island therefore consist 
1. Upper Calcareous Grit. 
2. Coralline Oolite. 
3. Calcareous Grit. 
4. Oxford Clay. 
5. Kelloways or Hackness Rocks. 
6. Clay Beneath. 
7. Cornbrash Rock. 
Geology. — Fine natural sections of all these strata in their corres- 
ponding order of superposition may be seen in the Scarborough Castle 
hill and the cliffs between Filey and the latter place. 
That Geology is a science of unhmited extent and utihty cannot be 
doubted, but w^hile Geologists choose to be mannerists rather than 
correct immitators of nature, some of its purposes remain unanswered. 
The apphcation of this science to its most practical uses is nearly as 
herculean as its establishment. 
Its uses in Agriculture are of the utmost importance to the country 
and therefore cannot be brought forward at a more convenient time 
than the present which calls for every stimulus to the skill and industry 
of the owners and occupiers of the soil. That a knowledge of Geology 
is the only infallible guide to determine correctly the value of land was 
said thirty years since by that eminent land valuer, Davies of Wiltshire, 
when the principles of the science were explained to him. To know 
what plants are best suited to the soil a knowledge of the varieties of 
soil is necessary, which can only be obtained by an acquain'-ance with 
their subsoils and the beds of strata upon which they rest, and from 
which they are respectively formed. 
Local circumstances and casual coverings of diluvial matter may 
make many shades of difference in the colour of a soil, but with these 
allowances there certainly is no other method of obtaining such a 
