APPENDIX E : POLITICS, STATISTICS, ETC. 
239 
by the great Iron-trade of Sussex, about 100 years since trans- 
ferred to South Wales. This transfer of wealth, and employment, 
to the mountains of Wales, where it has been wonderfully extended 
and improved, arose out of the local advantages of coal, accompanied 
with iron-stone, in the greatest abundance. From these advantages 
lion being cheapened to the lowest degree, the benefits of the transfer 
are extended all over the Island, and from the raw material being 
our own, and from the abundant employment the trade affords, no 
evil whatever can arise from the greatest possible extension of our 
Iron-trade m Foreign Markets, The transfer of the Alum Trade, 
brought into the country by Sir Thos. Challoner, in the reign of 
Ehz., and from wh. Whitby and its vicinity derived great wealth 
and employment, has also been made for the convenience of coal. 
As new arts arise new articles are required, and thus, to encourage the 
manufacture of Iron Wire for cards, and in the Woollen manufacture, 
Germans, in the reign of Eliz., were brought over, and encouraged 
by a patent to make Iron wire, for that purpose, first at Tintelm in 
Monmouthshire, and about the same time, two Germans of the name of 
Wm. Humphrey, & Ch. Sh . . tes,* had the royal privilege of searching 
the Island for Calamine and Copper, for making Latten. All the 
Minerals then belonged to the Crown. The employment afforded 
by extracting minerals from the mountains in Wales, was prodigious, 
and the wealth, thence acquired by Sir Hugh Middleton, was all vested 
in labour to make the new river from Ware to London. It was also 
from the wealth of those mines that Sir Carberry P contested 
the royal right to minerals, which by an act of Parliament in the 
reign of Wm. the III., became vested in the owners of the soil. 
Great wealth and employment arose out of the Copper mines in the 
Island of Anglesea, for many years. And, I have been told, at the 
Alshee copper mines on the shores of Bantry Bay, in the south of 
Ireland, which originated in my suggestions, £5,000 a year was soon 
paid in labour, and that, in one year, they sent to Swansea 800 tons of 
copper ore, of the finest quahty. These are some of the great advan- 
tages of attending to our Minerals as sources of good Employment 
for the Inhabitants, and consequently of wealth. These benefits from 
the metallic ores are, however, but local, and in some instances pre- 
carious and transferable. The advantages to be derived from the 
* As in MS. 
