IN MEMORIAM — BENJAMIN HOLGATE 
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field as Applied to the Modem Manufacture of Iron, (1877) " ; " Some 
Physical Properties of Coal, (1890) " ; and " The Mode of Deposition 
and Properties of the Carboniferous Strata of Leeds and its immediate 
Suburbs (1892)." He also contributed papers to The Naturalist and The 
Transactions of the Leeds Naturalists' Club and Scientific Association. 
He was one of the original members of the Leeds Geological Association, 
and for many years one of its most active workers. Its Transactions 
contain abstracts of many of his papers, the most important one being a 
detailed description and measurement of the Coal Measures of Leeds, 
made from sections in clay-pits which are now obliterated. He became a 
Fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1877, and contributed 
two papers on local geological matters at the meeting of the British 
Association in Leeds, in 1890. The Leeds Co-operative Field Club 
was founded by him, and under his guidance for many years a good 
work was done, which still continues. 
His activities were not confined to Geology. Societies in connection 
with his profession as engineer had the advantage of his wide learning 
and long experience, and he was an active worker in the Church of 
England. 
E. Hawkesworth. 
[The Council are indebted to the Editors and Publishers of The 
Naturalist for the use of the accompanying portrait]. 
