406 
GRACE : THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF FURNESS. 
evidence of a flow of ice from the Upper Duddon Valley across the 
Fells, the details of which are shewn on the map. These will be dealt 
with in greater detail later. 
Caw, which rises to 1735 feet, is glaciated to the summit, from a 
direction almost due north, whereas Stickle Pike, which is only 1230 
feet high, has an area on the top which is entirely free from glacial 
e\adence, although abundant traces of ice action are all around. 
It is interesting to note that other workers have found similar 
vertical limitations to the evidence of glaciation in many parts of the 
Lake District. C. Ward, when describing the glaciation of the Northern 
Lake District* shews that : — (a) the greatest height of signs of glacia- 
tion at the head of the Derwent Valley is a little over 2000 feet (p. 424), 
and in W. Langstrath about 2000 feet ; (b) on the west of Helvellyn 
this height is about 2500 feet (p. 425-6) ; (c) in Ennerdale, 2000 feet, 
and on the ridge between Deepdale and Grisedale, 2000 feet ; {d) the 
Syenite boulders on the top of Starting Dodd rise to 2084 feet ; but 
that all over the area occupied by rocks of the volcanic series perched 
blocks are numerous up to considerably more than 2000 feet (p. 428), 
although he never found any striations on the highest summits (p. 441). 
Dr. Marr and Professor Fearnsidesf found an " unglaciated area " 
on the top of Howgill Fells at about 1500 feet. 
On the hill south of Walna Scar, marked 2035, and northwards to 
the hill 2625, the surface is smooth, grass-covered, and almost meadow- 
like, and this smooth surface extends well down the western slopes. 
The western col between Carrs and Grey Friar is smooth, and so is the 
western face of Wet Side Edge. The eastern side of the whole massif 
is a series of rocky precipices in striking contrast to these western 
slopes. Even the top of Wetherlam, which is east of the main ridge, 
is a tangled mass of gigantic boulders. This assymmetric aspect of 
the summit is well shewn in the accompanying photograph. Prof. 
Kendall has suggested to us that it is similar, on a large scale, to the 
" crag-and-tail " found in the courses of valley glaciers, and that it 
may be the result of glaciation from the north-west during the maximum 
period. A good description of the magnificent series of combes on 
the eastern face of the mountains is given in Prof. Marr's " Geology 
of the Lake District." 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. XXIX. (1872). 
t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. LXV. (1909), Plate XXX. 
