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GRACE : THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF FURNESS. 
which flowed northwards into the Crake Valley. On its north 
side, near Lowick Green, extensive deposits of semi-stratified 
gravel with patches of unstratified drift have been exposed for road 
mending, and must have come down from the Gap. In the 
Gap itself is a system of straight channels cut in rock, which seem to 
be analogous to those described by Prof. Kendall in Cleveland, and by 
Mr. B. Smith around Black Combe, and to be due to the erosive action 
of water along the margin of the ice. The details of these are shewn 
in Fig. 5, and they point strongly to the direction of flow being north- 
wards. At Beck Bottom is a sandpit which at our first visit in 1911 
shewed a predominence of stratified gravel, but in 1916 this had been 
removed, and more unstratified drift appeared. On the common to 
the north of Lowick Beacon is an irregular surface which, as previously 
noted, clearly resembles that at Torver Low Common. It is cut into 
channels, north-east by south-west, and parallel to the strike of the 
rock. Only one of these, that containing Roerigg Tarn, is carried 
through the hill ; the others shallow out as they reach the steep hill 
side. A number of round-headed combes facing northwards are a 
marked feature of this hill side, and the general appearance suggests 
a copious drainage towards the north-east. So long as the ice was 
able to pass over Stainton Gap (425 feet), very little stagnant ice would 
accumulate. Once it failed to attain this level the whole area would 
become stagnant, and only drainage to the north-east would be possible. 
It is significant that the combes occur along the 425 feet contour and 
below. 
The last two branches of the Coniston Glacier appear to have 
joined together in the wide, shallow depression we call the Broughton 
Beck Basin, and passed southwards until the glacier joined the main 
body of ice near Ulverston. When it was unable to surmount the 
barrier north of Ulverston the ice — and later the water from it — were 
discharged through three openings as shewn on the map of Low Fur- 
ness, Plate LI. Of these, the most important is that near 
Newland, which has been severely glaciated, but has subsequently 
been the bed of a large stream of water, and is in the form of a 
wide U-shaped valley with a water-worn V-shaped notch cut in its 
floor, the latter notch being at least 18 feet deeper than the glaciated 
surface. The south-east slopes of Hoad Hill are very much over- 
steepened by the westward pressure of the ice in the estuary. 
The Rusland valley is a wide, flat-bottomed valley which only 
