414: grace : the glacial geology of furness. 
The Drifts of Low Furness. 
In northern Furness drift plays only a subsidiary part in the 
topography, but Low Furness is distinctly an area of deposition, 
and is largely covered by Glacial deposits. These deposits have 
been described by Mackintosh, Bolton* and J. D. Kendal. We, there- 
fore, confine ourselves to observations not in those papers. 
The Drifts of Furness are easily divided into two types — 
(1) The Irish Sea Drift, which covers the southern end of the 
peninsula and contains granites and other rocks from Eskdale 
and further up the coast. 
(2) The Local Drift, which is found in the remaining parts of the 
district and contains only rocks of local origin. 
The line of division between these is necessarily somewhat indefinite 
and not easy to place on a map. We have, therefore, marked it by 
a shaded area which approximately separates the granite-bearing 
drift from that of purely local origin. We have repeatedly failed to 
find granite, other than that taken there for farming purposes, in the 
district around Lindal, but it should be noted that J. D. Kendall records 
having found it there. f 
The Local Drift consists of a series of heterogenous deposits 
mostly of very limited extent, which varies from place to place so much 
that it is impossible to co-relate the different exposures. We do not 
think there is any justification for making a Middle Series of Sands 
and Gravels as is sometimes suggested. The motion of the ice over the 
whole of Low Furness appears to have been almost due south, and 
we were unable to find any signs of cross-channels on the moors which 
divide Low Furness into two areas. The western slopes which border 
the Duddon Estuary are thickly covered with drift which, in the stream 
gullies, shews sections sometimes 15 feet thick. It is distinctly clayey 
in places, but most of it is sand and gravel. The streams down the 
hillside are mostly Post-Glacial and occupy gullies in the drift, and 
one or two of them have valleys cut into solid rock, and may occupy the 
beds of Pre-Glacial streams. The low ground at the bottom of the slope 
is composed entirely of drift, which in some cases forms drumlins 
rising to the 100 feet contour. On the eastern side the combined glaciers 
formed by the junction of the Broughton Beck glacier with the ice from 
* Quart, Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. XVIII. (1862). 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. XXXVII. (1880), p. 29. 
