GRACE : THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF FURNESS. 
415 
the Greenodd Estuary was pressed in a south-westerly direction over 
the low-lying land around Ulverston and Lindal, and continued 
southwards with a tendency towards the east as it approached the 
Irish Sea ice. This is shown by scratches on the underlying limestone 
recently exposed near Bayclifi and in the quarries at Stainton, and 
also by the contents of the drift along the eastern shore. 
The Irish Sea Drift is quite different in character. It can be 
fairly clearly divided into three series, viz., two distinct beds of true 
boulder clay, very similar in character and contents, divided by a 
variable middle series of sands and gravels, etc. 
The Lower Boulder Clay forms the foundation of the whole of 
South Furness below the line indicated. Its upper surface rises 
towards the south, so that though it does not appear at Sandscale, 
there are good exposures near Rampside, Westfield Point, Roosebeck 
and on the west coast of Walney south of Trough Head. It is a 
typical boulder clay with numerous erratics, some of which are three 
or four feet cube. Several similar large boulders of Eskdale Granite, 
Carboniferous Limestone, Borrowdale Ash, etc., were brought up 
during the dredging operations in Walney Channel in 1912. 
The middle series of sands and gravels are of very varied nature, 
and we think that some of them are lenticular deposits in hollows 
in the upper surface of the clay, and they may not be all of the same 
age. At Rampside they form a cliff of almost pure sand 40 feet high. 
At Westfield Point they are much thinner, and consist of gravels and 
sands with sandy loam beds. At Biggar Bank they are less than three 
feet thick, and in one place, about a mile south of the tram terminus, 
they include a definite bed of peat, with fragments of wood. This was 
mentioned in J. D. Kendall's paper. Samples have been examined by 
Miss Chandler and contain — 
Batrachium aquatilis Linn. Myriophyllum sp. 
Menyanthes trifoliata. Potamogeton spp. 
Viola palustris Linn. Car ex spp. 
Hippium vulgaris Linn. Chara. 
This is essentially a temperate assemblage of plants, and raises 
the possibility of the deposit being of Post-Glacial age, and its apparent 
position in the Middle Series being due to Post-Glacial movements of 
the Upper Boulder Clay. On the other hand, a boring in North 
Walney at North Scale gives 9 feet of peat resting on Lower Clay, 
2e 
