secretary's report. 
105 
caused an increased flow of water at Aire Head of much smaller 
volume, but longer duration, indicating that there must have 
been a " backing-up " of water in the intervening limestone. 
2. The unexfjected delay in the appearance of the chemicals 
at the outlets has been due to a low and quiescent water-flow, 
and their appearance in every case (except Scalegill Spring) has 
succeeded a comparatively heav\^ rainfall, whence it appears that 
the chemical solutions which had been detained underground 
were all subsequently flushed out at the same time. 
3. Under conditions of summer flow^, such as prevailed on 
June 22nd — 
(a) The water descending at the Smelt Mill Sink emerges 
at Malham Cove and not a,t Aire Head, Gordale Beck, or 
Scalegill Spring. 
(6) The sinks below Malham Tarn are connected with 
Aire Head and not with Gordale Beck ; and under certain 
conditions, as detailed in the rejjort, ammonium sulphate 
put in at Tarn Sinks emerges at the Cove. 
•4. The Tranlands Beck Water Sink is connected with Scale- 
gill Spring and not with Aire Head. 
5. The geological observations show that the underground 
waters follow nia.ster-joints ; that master-joints north of the 
Middle Fault run north-west and south-east ; that the Smelt Mill 
water follows these joints directly, and that probably the Tarn 
water follows these joints to about the Middle Fault near Grey 
Gill. 
South of the Middle Fault the master-joints change to nearly 
north-east and south-west, and it is inferred that the Tarn water 
on crossing the fault adopts these joints, dips with the Pendleside 
Limestone under the Shales, and apj)ears with the limestone at 
Aire Head. 
The Gordale stream is absorbed, and cai'ried by master-joints 
to the south-east, and it is probable that it supplies the great 
springs on the east side of Gordale. 
The thanks of the Council are heartily given to all the 
gentlemen who have so freely contributed of their professional 
