HUGHES : INGLEBOROUGH. 
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of the exposed side of the fault, showing how much the hade and 
direction of a great fault may vary within short distances. The 
rock is not often much shattered, but from its condition where 
it runs into the hill near the elbow of the stream, and from the 
tendency to flake which is seen on many parts of the face, it 
seems probable that there were some outside crushed layers having 
a rough cleavage parallel to the plane of the fault, but that these 
have been removed by denudation as the gorge was being cut 
down. 
The exterior portion of the limestone near the fault-face 
assumes a brownish-yellow colour, and is in places honeycombed 
or weathered into irregularly rounded cavities such as might be 
filled by geodes, A chemical examination of the changes in the 
Mountain Limestone here as it approaches the actual fault would 
probably yield some interesting results. 
The Bala Beds, on the other hand, being composed chiefly 
of shale instead of massive rock, are crushed and twisted in all 
directions, and the harder bands are thrust through the softer. 
Several dykes traverse the series, and from the manner in which 
the soft shales are moulded round them it is clear that they also, 
being of a more unyielding nature and unable to accommodate 
themselves to the general kneading up of the mass as readily as 
the shales, were broken and thrust in among them. 
This proves that they were intruded at an earlier date than 
the movements which crushed up the Bala Beds, that is, they 
must be earlier than the fault. As the cleavage of the Green 
Slates and Coniston Limestone series was contemporary with the 
folding by which they were upturned, the dykes, being somewhat 
guided in direction by the cleavage plains, would therefore appear 
to belong to that enormous interval during which the folded 
Green Slates and Coniston Limestone series were being reduced 
to the " peneplain " on which the Carboniferous Rocks were 
deposited. 
The crushing that the dykes themselves have undergone is 
shown in the veins now filled with carbonate of lime which 
traverse them. This is especially noticeable in the tough grey 
