151 
THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF BRADFORD, 
AND THE EVIDENCE OBTAINED FROM RECENT EXCAVATIONS OF A 
LIMESTONE TRACK ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE VALLEY. 
BY JAS. MONCKMAN, D.Sc. 
During the past two or three years the building trade in 
Bradford has been very brisk, and consequently digging for 
foundations and drains has been extensively carried on, with the 
result that large quantities of glacial material have been exposed, 
some of it in quite unexpected positions. 
The largest and most important of these masses is at the 
foot of the west side of the hill in Great Horton. It extends 
from Grange Road on the one side to Great Horton Station on 
the other, and from the Westbrook to the Escarpment of Horton 
beds. 
On the Six-inch Geological Map this is marked as a sand- 
stone outcrop, and in fact it had all the appearance of such, but 
when the builder proceeded to remove the soil and fill up the 
valley denuded by the brook, there was no stratified rock, but 
instead a great thickness of boulder clay. At the north end 
they removed 12 feet of this, and then dug 10 feet lower to 
form a drain, but did not get to the bottom. Further south 
the excavation was not so deep. On the opposite side of the 
brook there is not much clay, and this rapidly thins out, making 
it appear that a pre-Glacial valley has been filled up, and after- 
wards partly worn out again by the present brook. 
The workmen, in removing the clay, threw the boulders into 
heaps and ridges, so that I had a large collection of material 
moderately conveniently arranged for examination. 
The boulders were chiefly sandstones, with abundance of 
grits of very coarse texture ; there were also numbers of red 
sandstones (fine) and grits (coarse), dark-coloured limestone was 
common, light-coloured rarer, but still in considerable quantity, 
ironstones and shales abundant. I obtained about a dozen speci- 
mens of Silurian grit, two specimens of banded limestone, and 
one of chert with shale. 
