180 TIDDEMAN : GEOLOGY OF CLITHEROE AND PENDLE HILL. 
ill Lancashire to Skipton in Craven, a range which only 
just sufficiently deviates from a straight line to ensure 
beauty and variety. It forms the southern side of a com- 
pound anticlinal arch, of which the northern side is far 
more broken and irregular. 
The Bowland Shales are about 700 feet thick. A 
great part of them contains fossils such as Posidonomya 
Gibsoni, Mytilus, Aviculopecten, Pinna, Goniatites, Ortho- 
ceras, and occasionally scales and teeth of fossil fishes. 
Remains of vegetable organisms may also be found. 
(g.) The top of Pendle is formed of the Pendle Grit, the 
lowest of the Millstone Grit series. The Pendle Grit was 
formerly called the "Yoredale Grit," so named in Derby- 
shire on the supposition that it might eventually be 
traced all the way thence to Wensleydale and the river 
Yore. We know now that the Yoredale Series is ter- 
minated on the South by the Craven Faults, and that no 
true Yoredale Series exists South of these strong physical 
limits. The Grits answering to the Pendle Grit were first 
called the " Shale Grit " by Farey, in Derbyshire, and 
a very excellent name it was ; for the grits are always 
giving place to shales, and vice versa. Still, their general 
characters are fairly persistent. 
When geologists have mastered the rocks on the way to 
the summit, and noted the section, they have not completely 
realised all that can be gained from the excursion. The view 
from the top is a magnificent display of the Physical Geology 
of a wide region. The long range on which you are standing, 
fading away in the distance, carries the eye from the western 
sea to the heart of Yorkshire. The Grit Fells to the north- 
west represent the other side of the great compound arch, of 
which Longridge Fell to the west is but a detail. The Ribble 
and Hodder Valleys show the softer beds underlying, which at 
this distance look like a great plain. To the south-east two or 
three main ridges represent the Millstone Grits, with a broad 
furrow representing the Sabden Shales in their midst. Beyond 
