TIDDEMAN : GEOLOGY OF CLITHEROE AND PENDLE HILL. 181 
again is the Burnley Coalfield and the murk of busy Lancashire, 
and still further, if not thereby obscured, the Pennine Chain of 
Hills running up north from Derbyshire, and meeting E.N.E. 
the range on which you stand. At N.N.E. the White Cliffs 
of Malham Cove are to be seen; and at N. ]4° W., if in luck, 
you will see Ingleborough, Whernside, and Co., the other side of 
Craven. Then after taking all this in, if your minds are not 
satiated, take a look back in time, and consider a little patch 
of red Permian rock lying in the valley below you at Clitheroe, 
resting on beds low down in the Carboniferous Limestone 
Series, and bear in mind that a similar Permian patch rests on 
the Coal Measures at the upper end of the Carboniferous Series, 
just at the foot of far-off Whernside. That will set you thinking 
on the great movements of the crust, and the immense waste 
of rocks and transference of material between the Carboniferous 
and Permian times, and you will probably come to the con- 
clusion that there is something in Geological Time, and that 
Ribblesdale, in part at any rate, was not made yesterday. 
Millstone Grits and Coal Measures, with Superficial 
Deposits, 
To those interested in these beds the following hints may 
be useful : — Take train to Whalley, where the Old Abbey is 
itself worth seeing. Keep along the east bank of the Calder, or 
along the Padiham Road above. A striking roche moutonnee 
is in the gorge, a rounded mass of Millstone Grit on which 
the last Abbot of Whalley was hung, but that is across the 
stream. Below the road there used to be gravel pits, showing good 
sections in glacial gravels and sands, with a few marine shells. 
Portfield, a Roman camp, lies on some of this. The Sabden 
Shales, a very thick series, lie beneath the road to Sabden; 
parts of them in the banks of Sabden brook contain fossils. 
Nearer to the Coalfield, by going across country, you get a good 
view of the Upper Millstone Grits, the Third Grits of Hull 
and Green, with some beds like gannister, and answering to the 
Brooksbottom Series of Binney. 
