202 kidston: the flora of the carboniferous period. 
The fruit of Calamites ramosus is in the form of small cones 
which terminate the branchlets. Their structure is that of 
Calamostachys, which will be presently described. 
In Calamites [Eucalamites) cruciatus Sternb. each node bore 
a verticil of somewhat distant branches. 
III. — Stylocalamites. 
The Calamites in this group very rarely produced branches. 
Calamites Suckowii Brongt. is a good example {Plate XXXV., 
fig. 3). The outer surface of the stem was smooth, and if the 
nodes gave rise to branches they must have done so very rarely. 
In Calamites Cistii Brongt., another member of this group^ 
small scars occasionally are found on the nodes, but these probably 
are the scars, at least in part, of short stalked cones. 
lY. -AsTEROCALAMiTES Schimper. 
This group is of generic value, and ranks in importance with 
the genus Calamites ; it not only differs from Calamites in the 
ribs not alternating at the nodes, but also in the foliage being 
dichotomously divided. The fructification consisted of narrow 
cones, fully five inches long, which are periodically divided into 
sections by interposed barren whorls, so that the cone appears 
as if composed of a number of oblong segments resting on each 
other, and between which is a whorl of leaves. Each segment 
therefore consisted of a barren whorl, which is succeeded by 
10 or 12 fertile whorls. Though specimens of the fruit and foliage 
are very rare in Britain, fragments of the stems are not uncommon. 
The genus is characteristic of the Lower Carboniferous. 
Owing to our inability in the majority of cases of associating 
the isolated foliage branches of Calamites with the stems to which 
they belong, they are placed in the two following genera — 
Calamocladus and Annularia. 
In Calamocladus Schimper [Asterophyllites Brongt.) the leaves 
are arranged in whorls. They are narrow linear or setaceous, 
single nerved and placed closely together. One of the commonest 
species is Calamocladus equisetiformis Schl. sp. (Plate XXX., 
fig. 3). 
