SECRETARY S REPORT. 
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of solid masonry, which was tightly bound together with iron 
bands, the grooves for the reception of which were clearly 
marked. This abutment contracts wedge-like towards the river, 
and is defended by a square castellum, which forms the termi- 
nation of the Roman wall at that point. The remains of two 
piers are to be found in the river bed, and the opposite buttress 
is to be seen, but the foundations are now under water, the 
river having worked westward since Roman times. 
After lunch a rapid move was made for " The Chesters," 
to view the remains of Cilurnum in the park. It was not one 
of the days set apart for visitors, but on the special antiquarian 
purpose of the party being explained to Miss Clayton, she kindly 
granted permission for these interesting remains to be viewed. 
The camp of Cilurnum is next in size to that at Birdoswald, 
visited on Tuesday, and like it, has the unusual number of six 
gates, one north, one south, and two each east and west. These 
gates were connected by streets running straight across the camp. 
Four of these gates are double, and were closed by double doors 
which swung on pivots revolving in holes lined with iron, the 
remains of which are still seen. Each of these gateways is 
flanked by two guardrooms. The two extra gates were single, 
and have no flanking guardrooms. The Roman Wall meets the 
camp just south of the large east and west gates, and so half 
of the camp stands north of the wall. The forum in the centre 
of the camp shows many points of interesting coincidence with 
that of Housesteads, but is laid out after a plan of its own. 
The north and south street advances to its north gate, and is 
continued down its centre. The east and west streets pass just 
outside its walls. It apparently consisted of an open market- 
place surrounded by a covered colonnade supported by square- 
built stone pillars. At the southern end are buildings probably 
used for the administration of justice, and one is the treasury. 
Under this latter is a vaulted chamber, which was probably used 
as a place of safety for the military chest, which could be 
secured to the floor. Several rooms flank the forum on the 
east side, which were probably dwellings, as the rooms are seen 
