HUGHES : INGLEBOROUGH. 
333 
specimens of common Coniston Limestone fossils. The cleavage 
is irregular, owing to the irregular texture of the beds, and also, 
perhaps, partly to mo\'ements subsequent to the cleavage of the 
rock, but it is generally from 50° to 70° S.S.W. The joints are 
not ver}' pronounced, the most conspicuous being nearly at right 
angles to the strike. 
Whether it comes to the surface continuously between Spring 
Valley Sike and Norber Sike under the heavy masses of drift 
below Robin Proctor's Scar, on the north side of Thwaite Lane, 
is a matter rather of inference than of direct observation. In 
the neighbourliood of Austwick, Crummack, Wharfe, and Wood- 
end, all within an area of about two miles north and south, by 
one mile east and west, we have the best sections of the upper 
part of the Bala Beds seen anywhere in this district. Their 
general distribution is shown on the plan (Fig. 1 1 ), and their 
relations to one another and to the overlying formations are 
.shown in sections. 
There is no exposure of the underlying Green Slate series in 
this area unless we suppose that some of the shales south of Wharfe 
may represent it, being muddy sediment deposited further away 
from the focus of volcanic eruption ; but the occurrence near 
Horton in Ribblesdale of Green Slates of the same character as 
those of Chapel-le-dale goes against this suggestion, while the beds 
of coarse tuff seen in the shale in Wharfe Mill Dam and else- 
where in that neighbourhood show that the products of eruption 
still reached this area either directly from the crater or drifted 
as ordinary sediment from unconsolidated cones of volcanic ash. 
A very instructive traverse may be made by turning into 
Norber Sike at the Sheepfold by the bend of the road from 
Austwick Town Head to Norber Brow. The Bala shales can 
be followed almost continuously along the stream to the spring 
thrown out at the base of the Mountain Limestone. They 
consist of a strongly-cleaved calcareous mudstone, yet not so 
evenly cleaved as to yield slates. 
In the upper part of the section bands of flat concretions of 
limestone lie with their larger surfaces adjusted to the cleavage 
