422 
OX THE CHARACTERS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF 
THE PENNINE SYSTEM. 
BY WHEELTON HIND, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S. 
It is a well-known and undisputed fact that the Carboniferous 
succession of the Midlands differs very considerably from that which 
obtains in North Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Scotland, and 
the correlation of the Carboniferous sequence in various parts of 
Great Britain and Ireland has been a matter of difficulty and dispute. 
A study of the Hterature of the subject, voluminous and scattered 
though it be, seems to show one important fact, and that is that 
very few, if any, of the writers had studied the succession in more 
than one or two localities, or had given any attention to the evidence 
afforded by paleontology. To Yorkshire geologists, the sequence 
of the Carboniferous rocks in their county should be of the highest 
interest, not only on account of the large number of sections exposed 
in the romantic dales, for which the county is so justly famous, but 
because the change from the northern to the southern t\^e of strati- 
graphical succession takes place in the county, and because, I am 
convinced, an accurate knowledge of the geology and paleontology 
of the Carboniferous rocks of the West and North Ridings will go 
far to settle the whole of the vexed question of correlation. 
During the last five years I have published a series of papers 
on the correlation and sequence of the Carboniferous rocks of the 
Pennine axis and the south of Scotland, in which the following theses 
have been developed : — 
(a) That the differences in the northern and southern types of 
the Carboniferous sequence is due to conditions brought 
about by the proximity of continental land to the north 
and north-east ; that the main difference between the 
types is due to the very much greater amount of detrital 
material deposited as sediment in the area occupied by the 
northern type ; that this area received the muds and sands 
brought down by a large river and deposited out at sea, 
