HIND : CARBOXIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE PENNINE SYSTEM. 427 
The Chipping Quarry also yielded — 
Palcechinus sphcBricus. 
Many Crinoid-stems. 
Chonetes papilionacea. 
Praliictus semireticulatus. 
Produdus longispinvs. 
Sp irife r t r igana I is. 
Or this Michelini. 
Ccelonautilus cariniferus. 
This series of fossils is altogether distinct from the fauna of the 
Pendleside series, hut on the other hand many of the fossils obtained 
at the top of the Massif of Limestone are absent in these localities, 
a fact probably due to the conditions under which deposition took 
place. Palcechinus sphoericus and Cladochonus, so common in these 
calcareous muds, are rare in the limestone itself. A very similar 
local deposit with a similar fauna occurs in the neighbourhood of 
Bradbourne, Derbyshire, also situated at the top of the Limestone 
Massif. 
I regard the appearance of this set of shales in the massive lime- 
stone, so far south of and altogether independent of the Craven faults, 
as important. The presence of this muddy deposit indicates that 
the Yoredale phase was not restricted by these faults, and consequently 
that the faults could not possibly have had any causal influence on 
the different character of the deposits of the northern and southern 
types. The extent to which muddy sediment was carried out to sea 
would vary very largely, being affected amongst other causes by 
currents, the formation of bars, and the size and flow of the river 
bringing down sediments. Consequently, the area, where a pure and 
continuous deposit of calcareous ooze was going on, would be liable 
to temporary invasion, resulting in a series of shales becoming inter- 
calated in a limestone deposit, the general facies of the fauna remaining 
unchanged. 
Further north, the Limestone Massif is thrown up in the Craven 
district, where it forms a long anticlinal, which has been peculiarly 
scarped into rounded domes, from Greenhow Hill, on the east, to 
