HIND : CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE PENNINE SYSTEM. 441 
Furness. Egremont. Weardale and Allen Head. 
34 130 1,602 
946 757 4S0 
A comparison of these amounts with other sections (page 443) 
which show the gradual change in the Carboniferous series as it passes 
north from Wensleydale to Scotland, demonstrates the same gradual 
change, and proves mathematically that the detrital rocks replace the 
organic limestones to a greater and greater extent as the beds go north. 
The Cumberland-Furness area is not, however, affected by the 
Craven faults, which is most strong evidence against the view put 
forward by Mr. Tiddeman to account for the apparent sudden onset 
of the Yoredale phase of deposit in Yorkshire. 
A theory has been advanced by him that the change from the 
northern to the southern type of the Carboniferous succession was 
largely due to the fact that the Craven faults were contemporaneous 
with the deposit, and in some way caused the damming back of the 
detrital sediments. It is difficult to see how this could have been. 
The Yoredale type of rocks is not seen between the Craven faults, 
and on the western side of the Craven area Mr. Dakyns says : " The 
Yoredale type of beds can hardly be said to exist south of Kettle- 
weir' (Proc. York. Geol. and Poly. Soc, 1890, Vol. X\., p. 361). 
It also seems to me to be the case that the peculiar shale}- beds found 
extending from Thornton and Barnoldswick west towards Chipping 
are an indication of the Yoredale phase. Then we know that the 
transition from the northern to the southern type is very gradual, 
and that the Yoredale series becomes developed gradually, and finally, 
although Phillips and other writers never admitted it, the whole 
Carboniferous series further north takes on the Yoredale phase ; 
in fact, the Yoredale series has no true base, but the base is at a lower 
and lower horizon as the series passes north. If Tiddeman 's view 
were correct, there ought to be a north and south fault in Upper 
Wharfedale to account for the change which takes place from east 
to west from Kettlewell to Fountains Fell. The change of type is 
there, but no fault and no barrier. 
I am unable to accept the theory that the Craven faults were 
contemporaneous with the deposition of the beds in which the faults 
