442 HIND : CARBOXIFEUOUS ROCKS OF THE PENNINE SYSTEM. 
occur. A glance at the map will show that the southern limb of 
the fault faults limestone unconformably against limestone, shales, 
grits, and coal measures, and this would surely not have been the 
case if the faults had been formed as th.e material was deposited. 
In Wensleydale the Carboniferous succession is entirely different 
from that which obtains further south. At the base there is a mass 
of limestone about 500 ft. thick, with a few feet of basement con- 
glomerate, resting on the upturned edges of the older Palaeozoic 
rocks. This is succeeded by about 1,000 ft. of alternating shales, 
sandstones, and Hmestones, the latter being about six in number, 
and forming well-marked features along the escarpments of the 
valleys, and often giving rise to waterfalls in the tributary streams. 
As the beds pass north the lower undivided mass becomes split up 
into beds by the intercalation of shales and sandstones, and becomes 
the Melmerby Scar series. Coal seams are also developed at several 
horizons. The tendency as the beds pass north is that detrital sedi- 
ment increases and limestones thin out. 
The most southerly point at which any great development of 
these conditions occurs is in the flanks of Fountain Fell, in which 
the number of mappable limestones falls short of those seen in Wensley- 
dale. On Ingleborough only four distinct beds of limestone are to 
be seen. The limestones of the Yoredale series are all fossiliferous, 
and Productus giganteus is found in all of them in Wensleydale. The 
intervening shales are often very fossiliferous, and contain a fauna 
very similar to that of the Carboniferous Limestone. 
The rivers in all the great dales have cut through the Yoredale 
series, and splendid sections of the series are to be studied, while the 
collecting of fossils can be carried on in the intervening beds. 
The top bed of Yoredale Limestone in Wensleydale is well seen 
near Leyburn, and yields a plentiful store of fish remains and other 
fossils. The fish all seem to belong to species which are obtained in 
the upper beds of the Carboniferous Limestone massif elsewhere, 
Psammodus, Psephodus, (Src, &c. 
The following columns show in tabular form the changes which 
the beds of limestone undergo as they pass north : — 
