454 HIND : CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE PENNINE SYSTEM. 
The characteristic fossils of the Pendleside Series are the cephalo- 
poda and lamellibranchs, several of which appear to be confined 
to the series. I regard the following species as typical of the horizon : — 
Dtmorphoceras Gilhertsoni. 
D. Looneyi. 
Gastrioceras carbonarium. 
G. Listeri. 
Glyphioceras hilingue. 
Gl. Davisi. 
Gl. diadema. 
Gl. reticulatum. 
GL spirale. 
Nomismoceras spirorhis. 
Orthoceras Steinhaueri. 
And the following lamellibranchs :- - 
Chcenocardiola Footii. 
Posidoniella loevis. 
P. Kirkmani. 
P. minor. 
Posidonomija Becheri. 
P. membranacea. 
Leiopteria longirostris. 
Pterinopeden papyrareus. 
Aviculopeden proetenuit--. 
Not only is the Molluscan fauna of the PciJidleside Sories different 
from that of the Yoredales and Carboniferous T/imestone, but the 
evidence afforded by the Vertebrate fauna is equally well marked. 
Dr. Traquair has shown that two totally different fish fauna, an 
upper and a lower, existed in Carboniferous times. The great 
break between these two faunas in England comes on at a line which 
represents the very topmost limestones of the Yoredale Series in 
North Yorkshire, and the topmost beds of the innestone massif 
in South Yorkshire and Derbyshire. The Red-beds Limestone at 
Leyburn has yielded a very rich fish fauna to Mr. J. Home, and 
the majority of the forms found there occur also in the upper part 
uf the massif limestone, not only in England, but in Ireland. This 
