MOETIMER : ORIGIN OF CHALK DALES. 
35 
diagonally from Back Dale, as shown in diagram No. 2. They 
extend in an east and west direction over a mile, and run nearly 
parallel with Back Dale and the line of remarkable mounds at the 
bottom of Back Dale. 
The chalk strata, as shown in a pit a little distance from the 
north side of these hollows, and in one close to the keeper's cottage, 
near the line of section, have no well-marked dip in any direction 
From this point, for a considerable distance, very Httle can be 
ascertained of the dip of the beds. The first pit we come to is on 
the south side of a hollow forming- the top of Deep Dale ; it is of 
small dimensions and exposes nothing but an accumulation of small 
un water-worn chalk detritus. The dip and position of the beds of 
chalk are not ascertainable until reaching the southern corner of 
Wharram Perc}" Hogwalk, about half-a-mile from the eastern end 
of my section of this high ground ; here the dip is 2 - to the south. 
The next and most northern exposure of the rock along my section 
is at a spring issuing from the escarpment of a deep ravine (the 
entrance to Wood Dale), a little to the south of Wharram station. 
At this place the beds are in part composed of red chalk, and dip 5^ 
south. Crossing Wood Dale, which is clearly in the line of a fault, 
the base of the chalk on the N E. side, close to the Wharram 
station, is shown about 40 feet lower than it is at the spring on the 
opposite side of the ravine. Half-a-mile further on there is a quarry, 
nearly opposite Wharram school-room, where remarkable contortions 
are visible in the chalk, the beds standing nearly vertical. 
This being the northern limit of my survey I will rapidly retrace 
the line of section, and give my explanation of the origin of the 
observed phenomena along this line. 
The first feature of moment, and probably the most puzzling, is 
the chain of trough -like hollows (fig. 2) running parallel with, and a 
little to the south side of, the ridge of high ground, which forms 
the northern limit of my section. The form of these hollows is such 
as to preclude the possibility of their having been formed by 
fluviatile action. Neither can they possibly be attributed to the 
scooping action of a glacier. They possess no apparent inlet or 
outlet ; the shallow end of one hollow passes for a little way the 
