46 
DAVIS : CONTOKTIONS AT FLAMBOROUGH. 
forms an immense variety of contortions, of which the photograph 
No. 2 affords a good example. It is taken at a point about two-thirds 
the length of the section depicted in the photograph No. 1 , from its 
left margin at the base of the cliff. The layers are folded and bent 
repeatedly at very sharp angles, they are thinner than those to the 
left, alread}^ named. Occasionally the layers of chalk are broken 
and displaced, as in the summit of the arch forming the roof of the 
cave shown in the photograph ; in other instances, the layers appear 
to exhibit a large degree of mobility, and they have been squeezed 
in many parts so as to form a very sharp angle, and remain unbroken, 
exhibiting a continuous and unfractured texture. The anticlinals 
have, in several cases, been formed into caves, due to the action of 
the tides on the dislocated strata. Even at a considerable distance 
higher than the base of the cliff, the action of the sea has bored its 
way into the chalk, and many orifices, some of considerable size, 
bear witness of the energy of the north-eastern gales. 
Numerous small faults and comminuted fractures next intervene 
and indicate where the strain has been greatest ; the faults do not 
in more than one or two instances extend through the whole section. 
Towards the right of the photograph, No. 1, the strata may be 
distinguished dipping at an angle between 70^ and 80^ to the north, 
next they turn upwards and dip at an equally sharp angle in the 
opposite direction, some of the beds are perpendicular, and at the 
base of the lower portion of the cliff near the extreme right of the 
section the strata may be seen curving over in the form of the letter 
C (see photograph No. 3), the lower part of the curvature then 
extends almost horizontally to the extreme right of the section, which 
forms a magnificent headland through the base of which the sea has 
carved a stupendous arch. 
The extension of the contorted strata inland has not hitherto 
been traced. The surface of the wolds for the most part affords 
very little evidence of the character of the rocks beneath, and it is 
only where an occassional quarry has been formed to obtain material 
for the repair of the roads that a section of the chalk is obtained. 
Such a one may be seen in the hill side on the road between 
Weaverthorpe Station and the village. The chalk in this quarry is 
