50 
COLE : SECTIONS AT CAVE AND DEEWTON. 
A. spinaius zone of the middle lias, resting- on clay containing fossils 
associated with A, capricornus. The foundations of a bridge 
immediately west of this cutting were laid in beds producing Gryphoea 
incurva or arcuata, as it is sometimes called, and therefore belonging 
to the zone of A. Biocklandii of the Lower Lias. No traces of Upper 
Lias were seen, but Mr. Fox Strangways informs me that the 
A. communis zone is probably there. 
The next cutting is in the Cave Oolite, equivalent to the 
Millepore Limestone of the Lower Oolites. The blocks of stone 
exhibited a distinctly oolitic structure and were mostly blue-hearted, 
the external portions having been oxidized. 
The third cutting at Drewton gave a splendid exposure of the 
Kelloway rock. At the base were some fine white sands to be seen 
in a quarry at Sancton close to the church and roadside. This was 
succeeded by darker sands containing many concretionary nodules 
or doggers, which in several instances were left sticking out in the 
sides of the cutting : higher up, dipping towards the east, was a 
band of hard sandrock containing innumerable shells of Grt/phce,a 
hilohata, lying as in a natural bed, with both valves united. The 
Kelloway, towards the east, was covered with Oxford Clay, contain- 
ing Belemnites owenii^ which was in turn covered with Boulder Clay, 
the whole being surmounted by chalky flint gravel and sand. 
At the fourth cutting, near Weedly, the lower beds of the chalk, 
red and grey, were reached at a distance of nearly two miles from 
more the steep^escarpment of the wolds, possibly due to landslips, but 
probably a remanie of the chalk which once extended far across the 
Vale of York. From this point to near the entrance of the RipHngham 
tunnel (one-and-a -quarter miles in length) a streak of black chalk 
was visible lying between the grey and the flint-bearing white chalk. 
At one point especially, not far from the western end of the tunnel, 
a seam of black chalk, 3ft. thick, was exposed, darker in the centre 
than at the sides. On treating it with muriatic acid, it effervesced, 
and the residue was set fire to, showing the presence of carbons. 
A fine cutting, 83ft. deep, on the eastern side of the Riplingham 
tunnel displayed several beds of tabular flint, which are intermediate 
between the grey chalk and the flintless upper chalk of Yorkshire. 
