52 
COLE : SECTIONS AT CAVE AND DEEWTON. 
5. — The fine development of Kelloway rock was scarcely to be 
expected. The grand platform from Newton Dale to Scarborough, 
on which the tabular hills rest, thins out southwards from 80ft. near 
Salterg-ate to only 5ft. or so in Gristhorpe Bay. Here at Drewton it 
is 35ft. thick. In one place, Sancton, a few miles north the sand is 
pearly white; just south of the railway it is of various strongly 
marked colours with a pecuHar smell. Instead of coming' from the 
north, as the Kelloway in the northern area did, it may have come 
from the west. 
6. — The Oxford Clay above it again is unlike the clay of the 
northern area. This latter is loose and friable and light- coloui-ed, 
scarcely to be called clay. The clay at Drewton is real clay, stiff 
and tenacious, of a deep blue colour, and thus presents another 
contrast. 
7. — Above the Oxford Clay the Coralliau Rocks in the southern 
area are wanting altogether. There are no grits, no rag, in short, 
there were no coral reefs. The land evidently sunk after the 
deposition of the Kelloway sandrock to some depth, whilst the 
Oxford Clay was being deposited, and continued too deep for the 
growth of coral, which cannot exist below some twenty fathoms. 
Everything in fact points to the conclusion that the area south of 
the anticlinal somewhere about Pockliugton to the basin of the Hum- 
ber was disconnected with the typical area of the Lias and Oolites 
of the north, and only partially connected with the Lincolnshii-e area 
to the south. It has a history of its own. 
8. — The Carbonaceous Black Chalk I wish particularly to call 
attention to. If chalk were formed in a deep sea, as some suppose, 
I do not see how this band of vegetable matter could have 
accumulated. In m}^ handbook " Geological Rambles in Yorkshire," 
I expressed an opinion that chalk was formed in compai-atively 
shallow basins, and gave certain reasons. The discovery of this 
black band adds another to those already advanced. 
