vine: polyzoa of the wedlock shales. 
201 
are similarly characteristic. Fig. 24 shows the reverse aspect, which 
is entirely without cells and coarsely striated. 
ox THE relative AGE OF THE REMAINS OF MAN IN YORKSHIRE. 
BY JAMES W. DAVIS, F.S.A. 
It is proposed to give some account of the e\'idences of the 
presence of man in Yorkshire, and so far as possible to collate those 
e^adences and ascertain their relative sequence. There was a people who 
inhabited the Yorkshire Wolds, erected defences against neighbouring 
or more distant foes on their summits, and buried their dead in rude 
graves dug in the surface of the ground, after burial they erected 
above them mounds of earth and stones, named tumuli, and which 
occur in considerable numbers scattered over the East Riding. A 
branch of the same tribe, or by whatever term we may choose to 
designate those people, occupied rude structures built on the trunks 
of trees, laid horizontally one above the other, in the lakes and meres 
of Holderness, very similar to the lake dwellings found in Ireland 
and Scotland. The latter appear to have been a peaceably disposed 
people, given to agricultural pursuits, protecting themselves from the 
chiU east winds which swept over the North Sea, as best they could, 
with the skins of the animals they killed for food ; tolerably safe from 
the attacks of the wild animals, which ranged in the neighbouring 
woods, when in their habitations over the water ; and retreating to 
entrenched strongholds on the approach of human but more dangerous 
foes. The men of this age were acquainted with the use of pottery, 
which they shaped into rude vessels by hand, without the use of a 
potter's wheel, and decorated by making incisions either with the 
finger nails, or some sharply pointed instrument. Their implements 
for offensive and defensive purposes were made from the nodules 
of flint, which occur abundantly in the neighbouring chalk, chipped 
into the form of arrowhead, spearhead, or such other objects as they 
had skill to make, or comprehension to use. The antlers of the 
reindeer and the humerus of the ox, broken diagonally, served the 
