DAVIS: RELATIVE AGE OF THE RExMAINS OF MAN IN YORKSHIRE. 205 
Tyne, and from the Frith of Forth to the Clyde, but even with the 
aid of these they could not subdue their enemy, and the Emperor 
Septimus Severus died broken hearted at York, bequeathing to his 
son Caracalla the task of utterly annihilating the Picts and Scots. 
The latter, however, soon found that he had something else to do, 
and dissentions in Rome speedily led him to leave this country to 
make secure his succession to the throne. The Roman garrisons 
were withdrawn from Britain, as already stated, a.d. 409, and 
the Celts, untrained in the arts of war, soon became a prey to their 
enemies. The Picks and Scots descended in greater force than ever, 
and a most pitiable state of things resulted. In the " Monumenta 
Historica Britannia," one of the Rolls publications, a graphic descrip- 
tion is given of the lamentable result to which the natives were reduced. 
They forsook their homes and took shelter in the mountains and 
forests and in caves. Ere four decades had elapsed Hengist and his 
warriors invaded the country and founded the first English 
colony. There was a steady advent of Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and 
Frisians, and the whole eastern coast of the country was taken 
possession of. The Anglians entered the Humber and founded the 
kingdom of Deira which is co-extensive with our modern Yorkshire, 
and the Celtic Brit-Welsh people, as their invaders styled them, 
were driven to the fastnesses of Cumberland and Wales. 
The Celtic or Brit-AVelsh being driven from their homes, fled 
with such articles of value and usefulness as they could carry with 
them to the more remote and inaccessible parts of the country, and it 
is highly probable that some of them took refuge in the Victoria and 
other mountain limestone caves. The Victoria Cave, so named be- 
cause it happened to be discovered on the coronation day of Queen 
Victoria by Mr. Jackson of Settle, is situated about a couple of miles 
from that town and extends horizontally for a considerable distance 
into the precipitous side of King's Scar, at a height of 1450 feet 
above the level of the sea. It is a wild, mountainous and desolate 
spot, with a long ravine-like valley extending in front of the mouth of 
the cave. The slope of the valley, extending some distance up the sides 
of the scar, is composed of glacial clays, deposited when the valley was 
filled with a spur of the Great Glacier descending Ribblesdale, which 
