DAVIS: RELATIVE AGE OF THE REMAINS OF MAX IN YORKSHIRE. 207 
Wales of the present day, proved that it was the chief food of the 
occupants. The bones of goat, pig, and horse were fi'equently met 
with. The horse was a common article of food in this country until 
the ninth century. Bones of the roedeer and stag, fowl, wild duck, 
and grouse, com^plete the list. Bones of the dog were found, but had 
not been used for food, as the animal was in earlier times. The 
people who occupied the cave at this period were evidently possessed 
of considerable intelligence, acquainted with some arts, were accom- 
panied by women and children, and lived upon their flocks and herds, 
occasionally supplemented by animals caught in the chase. It is 
highly probable that the date of their occupation immediately follows 
the exodus of the Romans fi'om this countr}^ 
In addition to these objects dug up not deeper than two feet 
from the surface, others were found at considerably lower depths, 
beneath broken limestone screes, clay, and stalagmite, compared with 
the antiquity of which the remains already mentioned are but as 
yesterday. Prof Boyd Dawkins says, " It was inhabited by man in 
the neolithic age, at a time so remote that the interval between it 
and the historical period can only be measured by the rude method 
by which geologists estimate the relative ages of the rocks." From 
this lower stratum were obtained the bones of the brown bear, 
stag, horse, ox, a bone harpoon, a carA'ed bone bead, and some flint 
implements, indicating the occupation of the cave by a much ruder 
set of people than the Romano-Celtic, who existed on animals ob- 
tained in the chase, and fish caught in the neighbouring Tarn at 
Malham. Below this stratum is a thick bed of cave-earth, a stiff 
clay, probably deposited by water, with angular fragments of lime- 
stone; in this skulls, jaws, and bones of the spotted hyaena are abund- 
ant, together with others of the woolly rhinoceros, mammoth, bison, 
reindeer, horse, and three species of bear. The bones are all more 
or less broken and gnawed by the hyeenas. The most remarkable 
discovery was a part of a fibula, considered to be that of a man, in 
close association with the bones of the animals named, which, if 
correct, proves that man was contemporary with the cave hyaena and 
the other pleistocene mammals found in the cave. 
