290 
HOLMES: PRE-HISTORIC REMAINS OF ROMBALDS MOOR. 
1863. Borlase and others figured them only as curious marks of 
remote times. The oldest figuring on record of the cups and rings 
are upon a Mosaic pavement brought by Adrian from Athens, a.d. 270, 
but which would be in all probability contemporary with Alexander, 
B.C. 330, as the subject relates to transactions of his, in the Persian 
Conquests. Upon the rock regions of Ethiopia, as given in Mont- 
faucon, the cup and ring marks are unmistakably figured. (See 
Shaw's Travels, London, 1757.) As perhaps among the last of 
such markings, and to show the range in extent, we have the 
cups and rings figured upon sacred stones (Lingams) in the 
Island of Figi. (See Figi and the Figians, by WilKams and 
Rowe, two missionaries. London, 1858.) Such markings, so much 
alike as to appear by the same hand, and placed apparently for the 
like intention or object, have been found in North and South America, 
very extensively in India, very numerously upon the Dolmen of 
Moab,* (exactly like a number in Cornwall), they are numerous in 
Ireland, Sweden, and Denmark, and rare in Egypt and Africa. 
Indeed they are so extensively placed that we may say it only requires 
observation to find them everywhere. They are, however, neither 
uniform in order nor numbers. They are more numerous in 
Ireland and Scotland than in England, more in the North than the 
South of England, even under similar conditions of rocks and sur- 
roundings. 
The cup and ring marked rocks upon Eombalds Moor, or rather 
the markings upon the millstone grit there, have doubtless been seen 
for ages, and were perhaps noted by Dr. Call years ago. In 1886, a 
gentleman named Terry, staying at Benrhydding, was standing at the 
head of the quarry below the Cow and Calf, and saw the men baring 
to extend the quarry, and as they took away the turf, towards the Cow 
rock, he observed the curious markings there, quite fresh and clean 
cut where they had been covered. Having heard of the cup and 
rings elsewhere, they took his attention, and he induced Dr. McLeod 
to refer to Mr. Myddleton, the Lord of the jManor, to allow these 
beds and rocks to be preserved. This the doctor did, and so we have 
them there for observation to-day, whereas, if unforbidden, they would 
* See Lieut. Condor's Report, April No. of Palestine Exploration Society. 
London, 1883. 
