holmes: PRE-HISTORir REMAINS OF ROMBALDS MOOR. 
291 
have been destroyed, as certainly many otliers have been. Upon this 
bed of rocks, glaciated, smoothed, and striated, we have curious 
markings, cut clean and deep where preserved by the covering 
of turf, and worn, so as to be scarcely observable, by frost and 
weather when exposed. By invitation of Dr. McLeod I saw them 
early in 1867-8, as did Mr. James Wardell and Mr. Forrest; who both 
named them in their essays of that year; the one in his "Walks on 
Rombalds Moor," and the other in his " Historical Notices of Ilkley, 
Rombalds Moor, and Baildon Common," 1869. Mr. Forrest, in his 
Walks, figures accurately from a rubbing, the Cow and Calf Quarry 
markings. But while there were vague conjectures and wonders 
raised, there was nothing decisively known of their bearing or signifi- 
cance, until I accompanied Canon Greenwell to see them, and a few 
others, early in April, 1870. Canon Greenwell at once said that they 
were genuine and interesting specimens of the typical cup and ring 
marked rocks, and so they took a place which has since been advancing 
in importance, as observed and investigated, among those curious and 
even mysterious subjects, the world-wide rock markings. 
The first publication upon the significance of the Ilkley cup 
and ring marked rocks, was in an article furnished to the Leeds 
Mercury, April 20th, 1870. It may be added that later wi'iters 
upon the Rombalds Moor rocks are the Telegraph correspondent, 
and the Revs. Brook Harford and Montacu Conway, 1876, 7 and 8, 
and that the last discoverers and investigators are J. Romily 
Allen, A.I.C.E., and C. W. Dymond, F.S.A., in the Archteological Jour- 
nal, March, 1879, and June, 1880, and Fredk. ^Y. Fison, Esq., in his 
able address to the Ilkley Scientific Club. The last very important 
discoveries are those of Lieut. Conder, Captain Warren and others 
of the Palestine Exploration Fund, in Moab, on the east side of 
the Jordan, North of the Dead Sea. There from Gerasa to Keferin, 
Raboth-Ammon, Heshbon, to Baol Meor and Dibon, hundreds of 
menhirs and dolmens are found centered about springs or holy 
places, some, if not many of these bearing exactly the same cup and 
ring marks that Borlase found upon the dolmen in Cornwall (1737), 
and so similar are they to some upon Rombald's Moor and else- 
where that Condor's description and conjectures upon the markings 
