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holmes: pre-historic remains or rombalds moor. 
given in the April and October numbers of Quarterly Statements, 1882, 
and again in the "Heth and Moab " of Lieut. Condor, October, 
1883, might be taken as belonging to each and to all places, viz., 
to Cornwall, Rombalds Moor, and Moab. In fact. Condor and 
Borlase, in their word descriptions, may be transposed, without find- 
ing out the difference, except in the locality. These cup and ring 
markings being so widely apart, end so curiously similar, we are im- 
pelled to ask why they are so alike? and what they mean? In this, it is 
as usual, easier to say what they are not, than what they are. 
Firstly they are not natural figurings, but they are artificial mark- 
ings. Nor, second (except in a few instances where the pre-historic 
clearly blends into the historic, in Ireland, France and Sweden), are 
they the representations of any natural objects ? They may be 
symbols and representations of some thing to which we shall shortly 
refer. Third, that they are not historic anywhere, is clear, seeing 
that we have no history nor legend whatever as to what these curious 
incisions mean, or how, why or when, they were made. Fourth, 
another fact is of great importance, viz., that they are not Christian. 
Some are noticed in lands that never heard of Christianity, and 
while from the first century a.d., the Christian cross has been pro- 
minent wherever its doctrines have been preached ; there is neither 
sign, symbol, or evidence that these rock markers ever had any know- 
ledge whatever of it. These facts will place the cup and ring marked 
rocks of Ilkley in pre-Christian times assuredly, and this must be 
considered when weighing the opinions of those who, Avith Ferguson, 
would make them relatively modern. The artificial placing of 
menhirs and dolmens, with their markings, are contemporary, and 
that the placers of the one are the markers of the other, is an infer- 
ence so conclusive to experts as never to have been doubted or 
objected to. Of many writers, Ferguson says of these remains, "they 
are of one people wherever placed, bear one impress, and tell one 
story of art and object." (Rude Stone Monuments, Introduction, 
p. 28). " One point there will be little difiiculty in proving, which 
is, that the whole form one continuous group extending in an unbroken 
series from the earliest to the latest. There is no hiatus or break any- 
where." Now, as Ferguson puts it, " they are either the work of men 
