310 holmes: pre-historic remains of rombalds moor. 
in the hollow surface. The handle was worn smooth where it had 
been held by the hands, as were those found by Canon Greenwell, 
at Grims Graves in Norfolk, all proving that this stag-horn pick had 
been used for digging or in all probability cultivating the soil. There 
is evidence of land culture upon the moor, especially in the little 
heaps of stones, the evidence of clearings both at Green Crag and 
at the Panorama Rocks. So the old names of Ryeley Wheatley, and 
Oatley are still suviving evidences that they had grain and pulse in 
ancient times, and several querns found upon and about the moor 
proves that they ground the grain, thus, or otherwise obtained. The 
pick was probably a horn of the red deer, then roving wild over 
their native hills, but the flint from which tools were made must 
have been brought a distance of fully sixty miles from the East- 
riding wolds. Most of the objects instanced are in the Leeds Public 
Museum, and Mr. Fison has a collection of flint-flakes, and a few more 
advanced objects obtained from the moor. Baking and roasting 
meat in earth ovens, heated by fire-stones, is relatively easy to 
savage men, while we have little evidence even of this, here in 
pre-historic times. At present we have no evidence of kiln-burnt 
pottery before the Roman occupation, so that boihng or even hot 
water must have been a rarity then among the natives. So we may 
here properly name that almost all the relics instanced must have 
been in use before the Roman civilisation. It is incredible to 
suppose it to be after the fifth century. 
There are two other evidences of antiquity upon Rombalds 
Moor which may be called pre-historic, in the fact that there is neither 
history nor legend remaining indicative of either use or period. One 
is the long walled enclosure, one side of which is sheltered or 
bounded by the hollow and ridge of the Green Crag. This enclo- 
sure Mr. Allan describes as an irregular rectangle, 30 feet broad by 
40 long, the two sides being prolonged for some 70 feet east to west. 
The walls scarcely rise a foot above the ground, and are composed of 
small stones. There is nothing to indicate the purpose for which 
this was used. Mr. Fison's remarks supplement the above thus : — 
" I am told by the old inhabitants that within their memory the walls 
of this enclosure were of considerable height, five feet or so, and that 
