370 BEDFORD: FLINT-FLAKE IMPLEMENTS FOUND IN THE ISLE OF MAN. 
remains. No shells were found in the gTavel, or their origin might 
easily have been determined. The height above the sea-level of the 
different deposits varies from 50 to 100 feet more or less. The sandy 
loam appears to be a rain-wash accumulation with vegetable matter ; 
also the darker coloured surface soil with roots of heather, etc. 
Raised sea-beaches are common on the island, and as these 
beds, though of great interest, do not form the subject of this article, 
we pass on to the beds overlying them, and give a description of the 
flint w^eapons found therein. The beds lying upon the gravel con- 
tain great numbers of flint flake implements, consisting of knives, 
scrapers, spear-points, arrow-tips, and pointed instruments for various 
purposes, such as piercing skins, bone, horn, etc. Cores and waste 
flakes were found along with the finished tools. The greater 
number were found at different depths in the surface soil, 
from 3 inches to 12 inches down ; a much smaller number were 
got from the underlying bed of sandy loam, and these had a much 
older appearance; the flint had become white and opaque in its sub- 
stance and an ocherous deposit had formed on the surface. The 
depth at which the latter were found varied from 1 8 inches to 2 feet. 
The flints have been classified as follows : — 
200 Flint Tools and Weapons. 
181 Broken Implements and Flakes which had been rejected, but all 
showing design. 
15 Nuclei or Cores. 
66 Sundry Chips, 
a total of 462. 
Not having suflftcient time to fully examine the gravel beds, I 
was unable to determine whether worked flints occur embedded 
therein. All the remains enumerated above were found in the beds 
at a lower level. The flints found are all of the same type of manufac- 
ture (although they must differ considerably in age), and from the fact 
of cores being found along with them they were probably made on the 
spot. The situation of the hill leads one to believe it to have been 
long frequented by man — it rises to a considerable elevation directly 
from the sea, and forms a good point for observation over sea and 
land, and commands the rocky island on which Peel Castle is built. 
