CASH : FOSSIL FRUCTIFICATIONS OF YORKSHIRE COAL MEASURES. 443 
bearing leaves, they may be held to give to the fossil a somewhat 
higher systematic position than is possessed by the living genus. 
This superiority is further exhibited when we contrast the complex 
structure of the stem, and the free leaves of Calamites with the 
fistular and sheathless stem of Equisetum." 
Binney in his " Observations on the structure of fossil plants 
found in the carboniferous strata," " Calamites and Calamodendron" 
Palseontographical Society, London ; and also in his " Note on the 
organs of Fructification and foliage of Calamodendron commune" 
published in 1870, in the " Transactions of the Literary and Philo- 
sophical Society of Manchester, Vol. IV., third series," describes this 
fruit-spike and practically accepts the conclusions arrived at by Pro- 
fessor Carruthers. Schimper in his classical and famous work, 
" Traits de Palseontologie Veg^tale," Vol. L, Paris, 1869, also regards 
Volkmannia Binneyi as the fruit of the Calamite, at the same time 
referring to his genus Calamostachys, in which he includes the follow- 
ing five species : — 
Calamostachys (Calamites) typica, Sch. 
do. do. calamitis foliosi, Sch. 
do. do. polystachya, Stern, 
do. do. Binneyana, Sch. 
do. do. major (Germ ) 
He thus describes : Calamostachys [Calamites), Binneyana. Sch. 
Spicis minutis, centimetro 1 vix longioribus, amentiformibus ; 
bracteis e disco horizontali erectis, imbricatis, internodium paululum 
superantibus ; sporangiophoris in quoque internodio 6 tetraspermis, 
ita ut 24 sporangia ibidem adsint. Tab. nostra fig. 5-10." 
Calamodendron commune E. W. Binney, Observat. on the 
struct, of foss. plants found in the carbon, strata ; Calamites and 
Calamodendron, London, Palseont. Soc, 1868, tab. IV, V., avec de 
nombreux details microscopiques." 
" Dans des nodules de chaux carbonat^e du terrain houiller du 
Lancashire (Angleterre.") 
" Les epis dont il est question ici appartiennent sans aucun doute 
i une autre espece que ceux que M. d'Ettingshausen rapporte a son 
Catamites communis, et que nous avous decrits sous le nom de 
Calamostachys typica" 
