JUBILEE MEETING. — PROFESSOR JUDD. 
477 
which had had such an important influence on the history of science. 
Another year, 1815, will be perhaps almost as conspicuous in future 
history, not for Waterloo, but for the construction of the first 
geological map in England. In 1821 Smith completed his work in 
connection witli this part of the country by preparing the geological 
map of Yorkshire in four sheets. I must also refer to John Farey, 
the pioneer of the race of able mining surveyors, who have learned 
to abandon the dominion of the rule of thumb and prepare them- 
selves for their important duties by a careful scientific training ; to 
Wm Buckland, who, by his researches at Kirkdale Cave, laid the 
foundation of that important branch of science forming the border 
land of geology and arclueology ; to Adam Sedgwick who, out of the 
study of the red rocks and the magnesian limestone of this county 
was able to elucidate " the structure of great mineral masses ; " 
to the Rev. George Young and his companions, pioneers in 
palaeontology, which has been so well pursued in Yorkshire, and 
is still cultivated in this society by our associates, Mr. Davis, ^Ir. Vine, 
and others, who are doing much excellent work, nor must I forget 
the important work commenced by Williamson and Hutton in 
studying the vertical distribution of fossils in rocks, whereby they 
anticipated to a great extent the work of distributing the various 
formations into zones. 
It would be a mistake to suggest for one moment that the period 
before 1837, although especially characterised by the labour of 
individuals was not marked by the existence of any societies at all. I 
think I may say, however, that the societies which existed before 
that date were mainly engaged, not in original investigation so much 
as in the diffusion of knowledge. Such were the Literary and Phil- 
osophical Societies of that period, of which we must always think 
and speak with the greatest respect. That of Leeds was founded 
earliest in the year 1820 ; those of York and Shefiield in 1822 ; 
that of Hull in 1825, and those of Halifax and Scarborough in the 
year 1830. Apart from the important work which these societies 
performed in diffusing scientific knowledge, I may claim for them 
that they have exercised an important influence, in the develop- 
ment of scientific thought not only in Yorkshire, but throughout 
England, and indeed, all over the world. Like a small stone that is 
