170 
PKOCEEDINGS 1841 — 1848. 
ragstoiie of this iieiglibourliood readily absorb water, which descends 
until its downward progress is arrested by a stratum of clay, compact 
sandstone, or some other impermeable material, where it accumu- 
lates, forming a subterranean sheet of water, beneath which bearing 
level, practical well-sinkers know there is no occasion to go for a per- 
manent supply of water. On Norland Moor there are two or three 
natural springs, shooting up their flowing streams into the air. In 
common with other hilly districts the parish abounds with springs, 
some of which from the medicinal nature of the substances held in 
solution, obtain the name of mineral or spa waters ; besides others, 
which being free from mineral substances, are practically pure and 
used for domestic purposes." Amongst the Spa Wells described in 
the paper are those a quarter of a mile S. of Elland, one at Erringden, 
St. Helen's, Holywell at Stainland, the Swift Cross Spa in Soyland, 
the Upper Ellistones Farm "Well in Greetland, Booth Dean Spa in 
Rishworth, and the Widdop Ochre Spring in Heptonstall. " The 
town of Halifax is abundantly supplied by the rains from two springs 
in Ovenden, from whence the water is conducted by drains and col- 
lected into two large reservoirs, which Avere commenced by voluntary 
subscriptions in 1826 at the suggestion of Mr. Garlick, for the 
charitable purpose of giving employment to the poor, who were then 
suffering from a general depression in trade." They will contain 
nearly 5,000,000 gallons of water. Besides there is the Weil Head 
Spring witli an average discharge of 80,000 gallons per day, which 
after supplying several private residences at the south and west end, 
is distributed from a large cistern to the lower parts of the town. 
The Horley Green Spring was considered the most important 
in the Parish, it contained considerable quantities of iron, whose 
presence was attributed to the large quantities of iron pyrites, distri- 
buted in the strata from which the water springs ; a gallon of this 
water, analysed by Mr. W. West, was found to contain 40.77 gTains 
of iron. Other sources are referred to, and the author concludes by a 
reference to the " never failing " springs of hard and soft water at 
Elland. 
Preparations were made for the succeeding meeting at Leeds, 
and the following letter was addressed by : — 
