174 
PROCEEDINGS 1841 — 1848. 
At the evening meeting Mr. John Ilohnes produced the Safety 
Lamp referred to in Mr. Wilson's letter, m which he had introduced 
a modification of the principle of Messrs. Upton and Roberts Lamp. 
The improvement consisted in an apparatus for regulating the 
admission of air. Mr. Holmes was recommended to continue his 
experiments. 
An interesting paper was afterwards read by Mr. J. Travis Clay 
of Rastrick, describing the occurrence of Boulders of Granite and 
other Crystalline Rocks in the valley of the Calder. The stream at 
Cromwell Bottom near Elland has cut through a deep alluvial soil six 
feet in thickness, beneatli which is a bed of large pebbles and boulders 
the majority of which are coarse-grained sandstone from the Mill- 
stone Grit Series, but mingled with these are many rounded frag- 
ments of Granite and other Crystalline Rocks, whose original site is 
far distant ; beneath the gravel is a considerable thickness of soft 
peaty clay. The total absence of similar Granitoid Boulders on or 
near the surface of the surrounding country was stated by the author, 
and the opinion expressed that those now in the bottom of the valley 
were brought there by icebergs when the land was at a much lower 
elevation than at present, and the valley of the Calder formed an 
inlet from the sea. 
At the annual meeting, held on the 23rd September, 1841, at 
which the President, Earl Fitzwilliam presided, the Rev. William 
Thorp, of Womersley, read a continuation of his Illustrations of 
Yorkshire Geology, which were not printed in the proceedings of the 
society, Mr. Lawrence, of Leicester, exhibited some fossil fruits from 
the coal formations of Lancashire, and wished for information as to 
their occurrence in Yorkshire. Mr. Embleton stated in reply to Mr. 
Sopwith that plants were frequently found fossil in the actual coal, as 
for example in the Haigh ^loor Coal, at Ardsley, and the Stanley Main 
Coal, near AVakefield, and that their presence was always an indica- 
tion of the inferiority of the coal containing them. Dr. Buckland, 
who was expected to attend tlie meeting, was examining the evidence 
of the action of glaciers on the mountains of Cumberland and West- 
moreland in company with JMr. Hopkins, and sent an apology. 
Mr. W. Wallen, F.S.A., of Huddersfield, read a paper, entitled 
