294 
IRISH ELK AND 
date from the fact that two-fifths of their substance consists of car- 
tilage and gelatine. Archdeacon Maunsell found this in such large 
quantity that he made some soup from it, and sent a sample to the 
Royal Dubhn Society. Examples occur of the legs of the elk 
being found covered with skin and hair, the latter of a tan colour and 
short. In some instances, as in a bog at Callan, in Tipperary, the 
horns have been found associated with implements and ornaments 
used by a man. He cited instances in this country, also, where similar 
discoveries have been made. Dr. Leigh described a fossil elk, found in 
the bogs of Lancashire and Cheshire, associated with hippopotamus, and 
in the same beds a millstone or quern, beads of amber, and human 
bones were discovered ; other instances are cited in support of the 
relationship ; amongst others it is stated that in the same bed of clay 
at Wortley, near Leeds, iu which the bones of four specimens of 
hippopotamus, and also the mammoth and the urus occurred, an 
eartheru vessel of unbaked clay, without any external markings 
whatever, also a fragment of pottery w^ith a distinct pattern on its 
surface, and glazed were found ; near to these was a large circular block 
of gritstone in the centre of which was a hole still containing a piece of 
iron. The upper surface of the stone was marked with circles, 
no doubt caused by the friction of some other body revolving upon 
it. This had probably belouged to a quern, and with the other 
remains of human construction, apparently attests their contempor- 
aneity. It having been previously shown that these animals were 
co-existent with the gTeat Irish elk, it follows that man was also. 
Archdeacon ^launsell presented to the Royal Dublin Society a 
rib, in which Dr. Harte, of Dublin, discovered an oval aperture near 
its lower edge, around which had grown an irregular effusion of callus. 
This opening was supposed to have been produced by the head of 
an arrow, and caused at that time a great amount of discussion. 
Professor Owen and others considered that the incision had 
probably been made from the point of the antler of another elk, or 
perhaps by the teeth of some carnivorous animal. Messrs. Richardson, 
Newman, and others pointed out that the antler of the elk was of 
too blunt a character to produce such an incision, and would rather 
have broken the rib than have pierced it. It was further shewn that 
