CAVE EXPLORATIONS. 
307 
one long comb, (probably nsed for the back of the head), and frag- 
ments of another. Portions of what appear to have been small-tooth 
combs made of bone had been found. Six bronze pins, (one of them 
with a flat head the size of a shilling, and plated), bone needles, 
bone spoons, with the handles rudely carved, and the bowls with a 
hole in the centre ; remains of knives, a key, bone arrow heads and 
other implements, and the head of an adze made of trap ; the canine 
teeth probably of the wolf, perforated for ornament ; fragments of 
glass, mostly for ornament ; and pottery of the ordinary Roman red 
or Samian ware ; and some flint and stone implements, together with 
Roman coins of the date of Trajan and Constantine, were embraced 
in Mr. Jackson's collection. In the exploration of the Dowkabottom 
Cave already alluded to, in addition to the bones mentioned, were 
jaws and skulls of the short-horned ox, the sheep, and the goat, bones 
of the horse, skulls and jaws of the wild boar, the horns of the red 
deer, and pottery of Roman character, and other remains of man. 
It was well known that Yorkshire was inhabited at remote periods by 
the hyaena, bear, tiger, and wolf ; that such animals reside in caves, 
and their bones were frequently found in a fossil state in the caves 
in other parts of the country ; and it was probable that the carnivorous 
species inhabited the caves and carried the remains of other animals 
into them for food. This conjecture was rendered probable from the 
fact that when the caves were first discovered the skulls and bones 
of various animals were strewn over the floors in considerable num- 
bers, but as they were not considered of value in comparison with 
the relics of human art they were neglected, broken, and destroyed. 
The animals identified by Mr. Denny, occurring in the Victoria Cave, 
were the cave tiger, the bear, (Ursus arctos), the badger, hysena, fox, 
wild boar, hare, water-rat, short- horned ox, and the horse ; whilst 
from the Dowkabottom Cave were obtained the wolf, the wild dog, 
ox, wild boar, water-rat, red deer, sheep, goat, short-horned ox, and 
the horse. The facies of the two sets of animal remains appears to 
indicate that whilst the Victoria Cave was occupied by hyaenas, and 
that they dragged into it the remains of other animals brought there 
for food, the Dowkabottom Cave was not a den of hyrenas, but appears 
to have been the abode of bears and wolves. 
